A beat is a background track to a hip hop song. This includes the percussion, synthesized sounds, and any other sound element of a song that is not the artist's voice. Beats are usually composed by a producer, though some artists compose their own beats. They are essentially the framework for a song, because they dictate the tempo, the mood, and the progression of the song.
Composing a hip hop beat was traditionally done with a turntable and later evolved to the use of drum machines and samplers. Many artists will use another artist's beat to create their own song. The resultant song is usually similar to the original, and frequently the chorus will remain mostly intact.
Samplers took on different forms, such as Music Production Centers and computer programs. Programs such as Reason, Cubase, and Fruity Loops are common in the underground hip hop industry - a lot of which is made in small, low-budget studios.
Over the years many new sounds have been experimented with. In the early 90s, Dr. Dre was one of the first to put a melody in a hip hop beat, and this influenced many producers coming after him. Currently producers such as 9th Wonder and Kanye West tend to sample old soul songs, and speed the voices up, and add them to a simple drum beat.
In rapcore, beats are generally done with live drums and sometimes guitars as well.
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